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Abortion in Finland is legal and free of charge under a broad range of circumstances. By international standards, political controversy is mild and incidence is low. In Finland, abortion was illegal until 1950, when the Parliament of Finland legalized abortions to preserve the physical or mental health of the woman, if the woman was under 16, if the fetus might be deformed, or the woman had been raped.〔Pirkko Niemelä. 1988. "Finland." Pg. 152-69 in International Handbook on Abortion. Ed. Paul Sachdev. New York: Greenwood Press.〕 Under pressure from the women's liberation movement and supportive editorials from most national newspapers, Finnish law was further liberalized in 1970.〔Helga Suutarinen. 1972. Vuoden 1970 aborttilaki sanomalehtien pääkirjoitukissa (1970 abortion law in newspaper editorials ). M.S. Thesis in Social Politics, University of Helsinki.〕 The 1970 law allowed abortion up to 16 weeks of pregnancy for broad socio-economic reasons, if the woman was younger than 17, if the woman was older than 40, if the woman had already had four children, or if at least one parent would be unable to raise the child owing to disease or mental disturbance.〔Pirkko Niemelä. 1988. "Finland." Pg. 152-69 in International Handbook on Abortion. Ed. Paul Sachdev. New York: Greenwood Press.〕 This time limit was lowered from 16 to 12 weeks in 1979.〔 Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. "(Raskaudenkeskeytys )." (August 20, 2001). Retrieved June 14, 2007.〕 The 1970 law also allowed abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy in the event of fetal deformity or physical threat to the woman's health. A 1985 bill allowed abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy for underage women and up to the 24th week if an amniocentesis or ultrasound found serious impairment in the fetus. Under most circumstances, the approval of two physicians is necessary to approve an abortion. Only one is necessary in the medically obvious cases of under-age or over-age pregnancies or when the woman has already had four children. Women seeking abortions must be provided with information detailing the significance and effects of the procedure. In 2008, there were 10,423 abortions in Finland. There has been a gradual decrease in abortions over time, largely attributable to a decrease in the under 20 age group 〔 Terveyden ja Hyvinvoinnin Laitos "()." (November 23, 2009). ''Raskaudenkeskeytykset'' Retrieved March 22, 2010.〕 , the abortion rate was 10.4 abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Abortions are provided free-of-charge in hospitals. It is illegal to perform abortions in clinics, though doctors are empowered to provide abortions outside of hospitals in emergency circumstances. Illegal abortions remain very rare because, due to the generality of the conditions specified in the law, in practice a woman can get an abortion under almost any circumstance.〔(Europe's Abortion Laws ). (February 12, 2007). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved June 14, 2007.〕 Political controversy since the 1970 law has been mild. Members of parliament from rightist parties, notably the Finns Party, periodically make statements decrying abortion as immoral. Still, there has been no focused political campaign to significantly restrict abortion since legalization. ==See also== * *Abortion debate *Abortion law *Religion and abortion 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abortion in Finland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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